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How To Create Access Rights In Custom Module
Access rights are rules that define the access a user can have to a particular object. Each access right is associated with a model, a group, and a set of permissions: read, write, create, unlink(delete). Access rights are usually created in a CSV file, and its model name is ir.model.access.csv.
Earlier, there was no need to create any access right or CSV file while installing a module. But starting Odoo 12, we need to provide access rights manually to any custom model that we create. A user will only be able to use the features he was granted access.
Through access rights, we can control the user’s access to a module.
Create an Access Rights
First of all, we need to create a security folder. This folder needs to be placed inside our module.
After that, create an ir.model.access.csv file & security.xml file. This file needs to be placed inside the security folder.
The given file is ir.model.access.csv file.
In this file, we create two groups, the first is the manager, and second is a user. Manage, and users have different levels of rights according to their own needs.
n this code:- id, name, model_id/id, group_id/id, perm_read, perm_write, perm_create, perm_unlink
➢ id - We can write any unique name in the id.
➢ name – We can write any name, which you want.
➢ model_id/id – Write the model name of your class. Syntax: model_id/id- model is a default syntax, then we write a model name(Ex- product_details) like this: model_product_details.
➢ group_id/id – Here, we write the group name(id), which we created in (.xml) file like this: group_manager. Here manager specifies that this rule is for the manager group.
Now that we have written the groups in the CSV file, we have the rules, but in the CSV file, they link to a (group_manager & group_user), which we still have not made anywhere.
So, let’s create .xml file:-
First of all, we create a category because groups are defined under the category.
In this code:
id=”module_shop_management” , id is also a unique id.
Shop is the category name of this group.
Then we’ll create a group after creating a category:
In this code we have created two groups named Shop Manager and Shop User, you can call (name) it whatever you want.
Each groups id have a unique id.
ref=”module_shop_management”, reference name and category id are the same because groups under the category.
Then we’ll set the permissions of different users, where 1means True and 0 means False:
In this code:
ref=”model_product_details” it is the main model name of your class.
eval=”[(4, ref(‘shop.group_manager/user’))]” in this code school is the category name(base) and group_manager/user is the group name, which we created.
4, ref(‘id’) that means adds an existing record of id to the set. Can not be used on One2many.
Domain Force = we can also use domain force. Domain force can be used to apply domain on our groups so that we can limit a specific field/fields to a particular user based on this domain. Mostly this domain force is used for the ‘user’ groups to apply certain limitations.
Finally, your .xml code looks like this:
At the end, we need to add both files in __manifest__.py file of our module.
Creating Access Rights For Menu Item
In this section, we’ll be discussing how to create access rights on the menu item.
Menu item is used to create menus for our views so that they are easily accessible.
First of all, we’ll create a menu item:
In this code,
➢ id = unique id
➢ name = name of our menu
➢ parent = if this menu is the child of another menu, then we mention the id of the parent menu
Then we’ll add the security(or permissions) for this menu item using groups:
Here, groups = the custom groups that we have created for restricting the access right of our menu item. You can also mention the id of the view that is called inside the action.
Final .xml code for menu:
You can also use these groups using the syntax:
“groups = your group name,”
inside any field, groups, pages of your view file to limit their access to those particular groups.
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